YARP， 在Nginx、Apache、Ocelot等之外，一个.Net Core下Reverse Proxy的新起之秀，Microsoft官方维护开源，从此你拥有了强大的可编程的反向代理。
YARP is a library to help create reverse proxy servers that are high-performance, production-ready, and highly customizable. Right now it’s still in preview, but please provide us your feedback by going to the GitHub repository.
We found a bunch of internal teams at Microsoft who were either building a reverse proxy for their service or had been asking about APIs and tech for building one, so we decided to get them all together to work on a common solution, this project.
YARP is built on .NET using the infrastructure from ASP.NET and .NET (.NET Core 3.1 and .NET 5.0). The key differentiator for YARP is that it’s been designed to be easily customized and tweaked via .NET code to match the specific needs of each deployment scenario.
We expect YARP to ship as a library, project template, and a single-file exe, to provide a variety of choices for building a robust, performant proxy server. Its pipeline and modules are designed so that you can then customize the functionality for your needs. For example, while YARP supports configuration files, we expect that many users will want to manage the configuration programmatically based on their own configuration management system, YARP will provide a configuration API to enable that customization in-proc. YARP is designed with customizability as a primary scenario rather than requiring you to break out to script or rebuild the library from source.
支持(仅列举部分)：
- Header Routing
Proxy routes specified in config or via code must include at least a path or host to match against. In addition to these, a route can also specify one or more headers that must be present on the request.
- Authentication and Authorization
The reverse proxy can be used to authenticate and authorize requests before they are proxied to the destination servers. This can reduce load on the destination servers, add a layer of protection, and ensure consistent policies are implemented across your applications.
- Cross-Origin Requests (CORS)
The reverse proxy can handle cross-origin requests before they are proxied to the destination servers. This can reduce load on the destination servers and ensure consistent policies are implemented across your applications.
- Session Affinity:
Session affinity is a mechanism to bind (affinitize) a causally related request sequence to the destination handled the first request when the load is balanced among several destinations. It is useful in scenarios where the most requests in a sequence work with the same data and the cost of data access differs for different nodes (destinations) handling requests. The most common example is a transient caching (e.g. in-memory) where the first request fetches data from a slower persistent storage into a fast local cache and the others work only with the cached data thus increasing throughput.
- Load Balancing
Whenever there are multiple healthy destinations available, YARP has to decide which one to use for a given request. YARP ships with built-in load-balancing algorithms, but also offers extensibility for any custom load balancing approach.
- Transforms
When proxying a request it’s common to modify parts of the request or response to adapt to the destination server’s requirements or to flow additional data such as the client’s original IP address. This process is implemented via Transforms. Types of transforms are defined globally for the application and then individual routes supply the parameters to enable and configure those transforms. The original request objects are not modified by these transforms, only the proxy requests.
- Destinations Health Checks
In most of the real-world systems, it’s expected for their nodes to occasionally experience transient issues and go down completely due to a variety of reasons such as an overload, resource leakage, hardware failures, etc. Ideally, it’d be desirable to completely prevent those unfortunate events from occurring in a proactive way, but the cost of designing and building such an ideal system is generally prohibitively high. However, there is another reactive approach which is cheaper and aimed to minimizing a negative impact failures cause on client requests. The proxy can analyze each nodes health and stop sending client traffic to unhealthy ones until they recover. YARP implements this approach in the form of active and passive destination health checks.
实例：
编辑csproj，添加package依赖：
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ReverseProxy" Version="1.0.0-preview.8.21065.1" />
将下面代码复制粘贴
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;
using Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Abstractions.ClusterDiscovery.Contract;
using Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Configuration;
using Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Middleware;
using Microsoft.ReverseProxy.RuntimeModel;
using Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Service;
namespace Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
{
public static class InMemoryConfigProviderExtensions
{
public static IReverseProxyBuilder LoadFromMemory(this IReverseProxyBuilder builder, IReadOnlyList<ProxyRoute> routes, IReadOnlyList<Cluster> clusters)
{
builder.Services.AddSingleton<IProxyConfigProvider>(new InMemoryConfigProvider(routes, clusters));
return builder;
}
}
}
namespace Microsoft.ReverseProxy.Configuration
{
public class InMemoryConfigProvider : IProxyConfigProvider
{
private volatile InMemoryConfig _config;
public InMemoryConfigProvider(IReadOnlyList<ProxyRoute> routes, IReadOnlyList<Cluster> clusters)
{
_config = new InMemoryConfig(routes, clusters);
}
public IProxyConfig GetConfig() => _config;
public void Update(IReadOnlyList<ProxyRoute> routes, IReadOnlyList<Cluster> clusters)
{
var oldConfig = _config;
_config = new InMemoryConfig(routes, clusters);
oldConfig.SignalChange();
}
private class InMemoryConfig : IProxyConfig
{
private readonly CancellationTokenSource _cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
public InMemoryConfig(IReadOnlyList<ProxyRoute> routes, IReadOnlyList<Cluster> clusters)
{
Routes = routes;
Clusters = clusters;
ChangeToken = new CancellationChangeToken(_cts.Token);
}
public IReadOnlyList<ProxyRoute> Routes { get; }
public IReadOnlyList<Cluster> Clusters { get; }
public IChangeToken ChangeToken { get; }
internal void SignalChange()
{
_cts.Cancel();
}
}
}
}
namespace MyProxy
{
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
}
public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
.ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
{
webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
});
}
public class Startup
{
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
Configuration = configuration;
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
// For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
var routes = new[]
{
new ProxyRoute()
{
RouteId = "route1",
ClusterId = "cluster1",
Match =
{
Path = "{**catch-all}"
}
}
};
var clusters = new[]
{
new Cluster()
{
Id = "cluster1",
Destinations =
{
{ "destination1", new Destination() { Address = "http://me.zhuoyue.me" } },
{ "destination2", new Destination() { Address = "http://www.tianya.cn" } }
},
LoadBalancingPolicy = LoadBalancingPolicies.RoundRobin
}
};
services.AddReverseProxy().LoadFromMemory(routes, clusters);
//services.AddReverseProxy().LoadFromConfig(Configuration.GetSection("ReverseProxy"));
}
public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseRouting();
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
{
endpoints.MapReverseProxy();
});
}
}
}