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C# volatile

关于volatile关键字, 大家用的可能不多,  因为经常大家用的时候都是使用的lock, 或者其它的线程锁, 来避免并发时对变量的更改, 引用的不同步.

volatile 关键字, 是一个轻量级的lock, 它会进行更多的优化, 具体的优化哪些东西我也不清楚, 性能也要比lock方式好. 所以一般情况下, 使用volatile即可. 下面摘取msdn 上对于这个关键字的描述:

volatile 关键字指示一个字段可以由多个同时执行的线程修改。 声明为 volatile 的字段不受编译器优化（假定由单个线程访问）的限制。 这样可以确保该字段在任何时间呈现的都是最新的值。

volatile 修饰符通常用于由多个线程访问但不使用 lock 语句对访问进行序列化的字段。

using System;
using System.Threading;

public class Worker
{
    // This method is called when the thread is started.
    public void DoWork()
    {
        while (!_shouldStop)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Worker thread: working...");
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Worker thread: terminating gracefully.");
    }
    public void RequestStop()
    {
        _shouldStop = true;
    }
    // Keyword volatile is used as a hint to the compiler that this data
    // member is accessed by multiple threads.
    private volatile bool _shouldStop;
}

public class WorkerThreadExample
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Create the worker thread object. This does not start the thread.
        Worker workerObject = new Worker();
        Thread workerThread = new Thread(workerObject.DoWork);

        // Start the worker thread.
        workerThread.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("Main thread: starting worker thread...");

        // Loop until the worker thread activates.
        while (!workerThread.IsAlive) ;

        // Put the main thread to sleep for 1 millisecond to
        // allow the worker thread to do some work.
        Thread.Sleep(1);

        // Request that the worker thread stop itself.
        workerObject.RequestStop();

        // Use the Thread.Join method to block the current thread 
        // until the object's thread terminates.
        workerThread.Join();
        Console.WriteLine("Main thread: worker thread has terminated.");
    }
    // Sample output:
    // Main thread: starting worker thread...
    // Worker thread: working...
    // Worker thread: working...
    // Worker thread: working...
    // Worker thread: working...
    // Worker thread: working...
    // Worker thread: working...
    // Worker thread: terminating gracefully.
    // Main thread: worker thread has terminated.
}

 

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C#运算符关键字 – AS运算符

从这一篇开始，我将为大家带来一些C#运算符关键字，我们时常会用到它们，但是可能只知其然不知其所以然，所以整理出来，供大家参考：

as 运算符用于在兼容的引用类型之间执行某些类型的转换。 例如：

 class csrefKeywordsOperators
   {
       class Base
       {
           public override string  ToString()
           {
	             return "Base";
           }
       }
       class Derived : Base 
       { }

       class Program
       {
           static void Main()
           {

               Derived d = new Derived();

               Base b = d as Base;
               if (b != null)
               {
                   Console.WriteLine(b.ToString());
               }

           }
       }
   }

备注

as 运算符类似于强制转换操作。 但是，如果无法进行转换，则 as 返回 null 而非引发异常。 请看下面的表达式：

expression as type

它等效于以下表达式，但只计算一次 expression。

expression is type ? (type)expression : (type)null

注意，as 运算符只执行引用转换和装箱转换。 as 运算符无法执行其他转换，如用户定义的转换，这类转换应使用强制转换表达式来执行。

 

class ClassA { }
class ClassB { }

class MainClass
{
    static void Main()
    {
        object[] objArray = new object[6];
        objArray[0] = new ClassA();
        objArray[1] = new ClassB();
        objArray[2] = "hello";
        objArray[3] = 123;
        objArray[4] = 123.4;
        objArray[5] = null;

        for (int i = 0; i < objArray.Length; ++i)
        {
            string s = objArray[i] as string;
            Console.Write("{0}:", i);
            if (s != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("'" + s + "'");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("not a string");
            }
        }
    }
}
/*
Output:
0:not a string
1:not a string
2:'hello'
3:not a string
4:not a string
5:not a string
*/